Reactivity of neonicotinoid insecticides with carbonate radicals

Neonicotinoid insecticides and bees

Risks of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees

The European honeybee, Apis mellifera, is an important pollinator of agricultural crops. Since 2006, when unexpectedly high colony losses were first reported, articles have proliferated in the popular press suggesting a range of possible causes and raising alarm over the general decline of bees. Suggested causes include pesticides, genetically modified crops, habitat fragmentation, and introduc...

The Neonicotinoid Insecticides—insect Management with Seed Treatments in Corn

Corn producers battle a variety of soil dwelling insect pests. Seedcorn maggots, wireworms, white grubs and several species of cutworms can attack either the seed or seedling plants and reduce the plant stand. Corn rootworm larvae feed on corn roots during midsummer and can significantly reduce the uptake of moisture and nutrients. Extensive feeding by corn rootworm larvae can reduce the roots ...

Reactivity of certain organophosphorus insecticides toward hydroxyl radicals at elevated air temperatures.

Methods were developed to determine OH reaction rates for medium-weight organophosphorus pesticides in the gas phase. A 57-L chamber was constructed that utilized xenon arc irradiation (>290 nm) to photolyze the OH precursor, methyl nitrite. Experiments were performed at elevated temperatures ranging from 60 to 80 degrees C to minimize wall sorption. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling ...

The global status of insect resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides.

The first neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, was launched in 1991. Today this class of insecticides comprises at least seven major compounds with a market share of more than 25% of total global insecticide sales. Neonicotinoid insecticides are highly selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and provide farmers with invaluable, highly effective tools against some of t...